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09 June

Funny People
I was lucky enough to go to the Sitcom Mission Grand Finale earlier this week.  All five finalists showed flashes of comedy-writing talent but one sitcom (Thunderer) was head and shoulders above the rest.  It got me asking, why?  What did they do right that others didn't?
 
Of course the obvious answer is, it was funny - every line was a gag, or at the very least the set-up for a gag.  But more than that, it was brilliantly crafted and the characters were pitched spot on.  Many of the pieces that night fell down because the characters were either so ordinary as to be impossible to laugh at or so big and monstrous that they didn't feel real.  Great sitcom characters sit somewhere in the middle of this spectrum.  They are almost always monstrous and ridiculous but only every slightly so.  Get it right and you've got Miranda, get it wrong and you've got Eric Slatt from Chalk (sorry Steven Moffat and David Bamber).
 
We want to believe that our sitcom characters could exist in the real world, could actually get by and function.  They should be characters we recognise, although never as ourselves, only ever as other people we know - ask any comedy writer and they'll tell you that the people they've based characters on never recognised themselves! But if they are too ordinary they just aren't funny.  They need to be slightly larger than life (David Brent, Basil Fawlty, Hyacinth Bucket, Father Jack or Maurice Moss) with traits that we recognise but that are exaggerated for comic effect.
 
I recently observed at a great sit-com workshop led by Green Green Grass writer Keith R Lindsay.  Everyone loved creating new comedy characters but to begin with no-one was thinking big enough, their characters were believable but just too nice.  It took the group a while to get the hang of just how exaggerated the characters needed to be in order to get any comedy out of them.
 
Of course, there will always be the more understated comedy styles, exemplified currently by the brilliant Outnumbered, but for a studio sit-com the characters need to be exaggerated for comic effect and the gags need to come thick and fast. 
 
So when you're creating your comedy character make sure you've pitched them just right so we want to spend time in their company, but just not too much time or they'd drive us mad!
 
 
 
 
 
 


07:20 GMT  |  Read comments(0)

28 May

In Conversation with Hilary Salmon and Tony Garnett
Thanks to David Edgar and WGGB (West Midlands) I was very lucky to hear two legends of British television drama Hilary Salmon and Tony Garnett debating the state of television drama.  You won't be surprised to hear that although Tony had recently criticised the BBC and Hilary is one of its Executive Producers, there was a lot they agreed about.
 
Firstly I should start, as Tony did, by referring to THAT now infamous email in which he criticised UK television drama in general and the BBC in particular.  Tony wanted "An honest, open and grown up discussion across the industry about the problems in television drama".  What he got instead, he says, was a denial by the BBC that there were any problems and then whispers put about denegrating him as the source (old, disgruntled, etc). 
 
What Tony has and continues to argue for is a balanced drama output covering the whole spectrum of drama types, from soaps to authored single plays.  Over the last 20 years the balance has shifted too far towards high-volume drama ("The BBC needs to lose it's obsession with this fictional place with Holby"!) leaving almost no room in the schedules or budgets for short-run serials or singles.
 
Tony also argued for greater delegation of responsibility from management and channel controllers down to Producers.  There are, he argues, too many examples of writers getting contradictory notes from numerous layers of management.  Although Hilary doesn't recognise that as her own experience she did acknowledge that is an issue for colleagues and "there are projects that have suffered because of that kind of problem".
 
Tony and Hilary also agreed on the importance of a right to fail, something which both felt had disappeared from our drama commissioning culture.  Both argued for a strand of single dramas, regularly scheduled, where producers felt able to take risks on writers' voices.  Both acknowledged that with drama resources scarce, it's no surprise that the most cost-effective, high-volume dramas continue to dominate the schedules. 
 
So where does that leave writers trying to get their voices heard? Hilary is, unsurprisingly, an advocate of the BBC Writersroom and the BBC Drama Writers Academy.  Both are legitimate ways of getting your work read by people within the BBC and that's no bad thing.  While Tony raised concerns about writers' voices being lost on the soaps he did acknowledge that they can be a great training ground for new writers, turning them into pro's and getting them used to writing to deadlines.  While both recognise that some writers are happy to stay writing on the continuing drama series, for those that want to move on Hilary recommends getting out before you begin to feel you're being subsumed by the show.
 
Their final words of advice to new writers in particular? Hilary recommends writing a spec script that is very much your own, unique style and voice, then using that to get noticed by BBC Writersroom.  Tony reckons new writers should be experimenting with writing for the internet - no one knows how to do it yet and that makes it accessible and very exciting!
 
Whatever you decide to do, good luck!
 
 
 


08:52 GMT  |  Read comments(0)

06 May

It's the Fairy Dust, Stupid!
It's been my absolute pleasure to read some really magical scripts lately and it got me thinking about what makes a script stand out.  It isn't the neatly told story or the perfectly tied up characer journey that make me excited when I read a script, though goodness knows those things are hugely important and often lacking.  No, those aren't the things that make it memorable and anyway, I can help fix those things.  It's the magic that makes a good script great.  That sprinkling of fairy dust that only YOU the writer can bring to the party. 

I can help with story structure and deepening those characters and making the dialogue sound true and all the other things that are taught in courses and books, but it's that image that kept you awake at night when you thought of it, that moment of the script that came to you maybe before you even knew what the story was.  THAT's what makes it special.  Those images, those moments that come from deep inside a writer's mad, brilliant creative mind and leap onto the page without you even thinking about it - that's what's magic and makes me not only remember your script and you but makes me excited and want to see your work developed and made. 

You bring the magic and I'll bring everything else.

Let's go!





12:53 GMT  |  Read comments(2)

18 May

Something's gotta change
I've read a few scripts recently that made me realise that the thing that was missing was change.  The characters might be interesting, lots of events happened, but in the end, no one seemed remotely affected by all that plot that was being thrown at them.  John Yorke (Head of BBC Drama Production & New Talent) used this analogy: 'The King dies, then the Queen dies' is plot and not very interesting.  'The King dies then the Queen dies of a broken heart' is story, it's grabbed my attention already because the King dying has changed things for another character. 

As audiences we want to see our characters go on a journey, to be affected, challenged, changed by what happens.  To be faced with choices and dilemmas and in the decisions they make so show us who they are.  We need to be drawn into the story and the characters, we need to be made to care, and as the writer that's your job. So make sure that cracking plot is really a great story and is there because it's doing something to your character, creating a change that will take your character on a journey.  Of course, that's all easy enough in a feature film, the tricky thing about writing for continuing drama is that you need to take your characters on a journey without fundamentally changing them - once you complete their journey their story is over and it's time for them to go - but that's for another day!






11:11 GMT  |  Read comments(1)

16 April

Story vs Character?
I've decided to dust off the blog and instead of waiting a long time until I've got a feature-length essay ready, I'm going for a bite-size approach.

Anyway, I've finally been moved to write because I keep coming across scripts with a similar problem and that is story and characters that are totally divorced from each other.  For me, the best drama and comedy feels as if the story being told has come directly out of the characters involved in it.  Now, it might not have started out that way, you may have a come up with a great story and then figured out some characters to place in it.  When it's finished though, your script should read as if that story is unique to those characters.  The story of 'Romeo & Juliet' only works with those two characters, or least characters very like them.  Put Beatrice and Benedick from Much Ado About Nothing (feisty, sarcastic, self-obsessed, cynical) into that story and it jars - you don't believe that story for those characters. 

Lots of people argue about which is more important in a script, story or character, but my answer is BOTH!  With great characters and no story I get bored, with great story and poor or inappropriate characters I don't believe it and I don't care.  Create compelling characters and give them a great story that is personal to them, now you've got me interested.  Easy? No. But essential to the success of your script? Definitely.

Let me know what you think and what kind of stuff you'd like me to blog about.




06:28 GMT  |  Read comments(0)

07 October

I've written a script, what next? Part Four - Writing Competitions

So, is it worth you entering writing competitions?  My answer is - YES, YES, YES!  Someone Is offering to read your script, usually for free, and although you won't get feedback to help you develop the script you will, if you're any good, get noticed - and that's half the battle in this business.

Here's a list of the writing competitions that I've come across just in the past year or so.  Most run annually and most are free but some are one-offs and some charge you to enter.  I'm not recommending these and can't guarantee the people behind them all, so do make sure you do your homework.  I've put dates alongside them but do check out their websites for confirmed deadlines and submission procedures.


SCREENPLAY COMPETITIONS

London Independent Film Festival Screenplay Competition - October


Sequel to Cannes Short Film Script Competition - October


Scotland Writes Competition - November


L.A Comedy Shorts Script Competition - November


Screen West Midlands' Digishorts Competition - November


Silverback Screenwriting Competition - December


Stage International Script Competition - December


End of the Pier Festival Screenplay Competition - March


BBC Writers Academy - April


British Short Screenplay Competition (Kaos) - May


Sir Peter Ustinov Award - June


Script 1 (Screenwriters' Festival) - August

 
Red Planet Prize - dates for 2009 to be announced soon




TAPS - invitation for submissions for courses throughout the year


British Feature Screenplay Competition (Kaos) - dates for 2009 to be announced soon


PLAYWRITING COMPETITIONS


Bare Bones (Old Red Lion, Islington) - November


The Westminster Prize (Soho Theatre) - December


Ignite (Playwrights' Studio Scotland) - January


Kings Cross Award for New Writing - May


High Tide Festival - July


Everyman Young Writers Programme - August


Off Cut Festival (In Company theatre)  - August


McLellan Award (plays in living Scots) - August


Whiting Award - August


Hot INK (New York) - September


Bruntwood Royal Exchange Young Playwriters Award - September


Scenepool - year round


Write Now Festival - September


As soon as I hear of other note-worthy writing competitions I'll post them on here, on Script Angel and announce it on Twitter.


If you know of any others, write a comment on the blog or contact me via the Script Angel website.





06:10 GMT  |  Read comments(5)

I've written a script, what next? Part One - Rewriting


I've written a script, what next?  That’s the question I’m most often asked by writers just starting out.  Here are my top tips:


1) Put it away.  Let it gather dust for a few weeks, then take it out, brush it off and get your red pen ready.  Do that several times until you can’t make it any better yourself (or you’re going barmy, whichever comes first).


2) Ask an expert.  Get the opinion of someone else.  Family and friends don’t count, unless they’re experienced writers, directors, producers or script editors.  If you don’t know anyone in the industry, then have a look online at some of the experienced industry professionals offering script feedback (Script Angel and others).  Don’t be tempted to spend your money on the one with the jazziest website or the lowest rates, but do your homework.


Who will actually read your script, what’s their name?  Look them up on IMDB to check they’ve got the credits they claim to have. What length of report will you get for your money?  Some may claim to give you a 4 page report but what you actually get are a couple of pages of synopsis (you already know what’s in your script so that’s a waste of money) and only a page or so of useful feedback.  Beware of lazy ‘reader’ reports which are generic, littering their reports with phrases like ‘naturalistic dialogue’ (or lack of), characters needing better delineation.  That’s fine if it is followed by tangible examples of what you could do to change it.  You could ask to see a sample report from several and compare them.


Ideally your script editor should be keen to keep working with you, helping you to develop as a writer.  Drop them a line and ask for a chat to see if you actually get on with them. Most good editors are approachable and helpful and don’t hide behind anonymity.


3) Rewrite. The feedback should be constructive, giving you ideas on how to make your script better (not just telling you what doesn’t work) but it will also be critical and that’s hard to take.  Develop a thick skin, remember the criticism is of the work and not you.  Take heart from the fact that the very best writers at the very top of their game still get notes. Now take your precious script, and your feedback, and rewrite your script to the very best of your ability.


4) Get it out there.  Many people think that the next step is to get an agent – after all, you can’t get your work produced until you’ve got an agent can you? Well, actually, for most writers it’s the other way around. As you’ll see from Michelle Lipton’s Q&A with agents, most agents are interested in writers who are already getting their work out there, not writers who have just written one spec script.


So, you want to get it noticed, but how?  There are three main ways that spring to mind – theatre, radio, screenwriting competitions and production companies accepting unsolicited scripts. 


Most of the successful applicants for the BBC Writers’ Academy are already writing for theatre and radio, so ignore these media at your peril.  Writing for theatre is a fantastic way to develop as a writer, and there are many theatre production companies dedicated to putting on the work of new writers.  They get exciting new talent, you get your work professionally produced – it’s a win-win situation. 


So in my next post I'll look at ways for new writers to write for theatre.  Then, in later posts, I’ll look at screenwriting competitions, where to send your unsolicited script and how to get an agent.






02:38 GMT  |  Read comments(3)

I've written a script, what next? Part Two - Theatre

Writing for the screen (television or film) is as much about writing for performance as it is about writing for the camera.  So where better to hone your skills writing for actors than in the theatre?  You get your script performed and you get to see an audience's immediate reaction to your work. Perfect!

Bear in mind as well that most of the successful applicants for the hugely popular BBC Writers’ Academy are already writing for theatre and radio, so ignore these media at your peril.  Writing for theatre is a fantastic way to develop as a writer, and there are many theatre production companies dedicated to putting on the work of new writers.  They get exciting new talent, you get your work professionally produced – it’s a win-win situation.

Here is a list of theatres and theatre production companies specialising in new writing.

Paines Plough, London

Bush Theatre, London

Hampstead Theatre, London

Royal Court Theatre, London

Theatre Royal Stratford East, London

Soho Theatre, London

Finborough Theatre, London

Theatre503, London

Zeitgeist Theatre, London*

Tamasha Theatre Company, London (specialising in new British Asian writing)*

Talawa Theatre Company, London (specialising in Black British writing)

Kali Theatre, London (specialising in new writing from South Asian women)

Out of Joint (touring theatre company for new writing)

Sphinx Theatre Company (touring new writing, specialising in strong roles for women)

Clean Break (new writing commissions on women whose lives have been affected by the criminal justice system)

New Venture Theatre, Brighton

The Nuffield Theatre, Southampton*

Warehouse Theatre, Croydon

Queen’s Theatre, Hornchurch

Watford Palace Theatre

Bristol Old Vic

Show of Strength Theatre Company, Bristol

Barbican Theatre, Plymouth

Northcott Theatre, Exeter

New Wolsey Theatre, Ipswich

Birmingham Repertory Theatre

Belgrade Theatre, Coventry

Loft Theatre, Leamington Spa

Sherman Theatre, Cardiff (joining forces with Sgript Cymru to create a new organisation 'Contemporary Theatre & New Writing Company)*

Everyman Theatre, Liverpool

Royal Exchange, Manchester

Rocket Theatre, Manchester

Contact Theatre, Manchester*

Northern Gap, Derbyshire

New Vic Theatre, Newcastle-under-Lyme

Stephen Joseph Theatre, Scarborough

Red Ladder Theatre Company, Leeds*

Theatre in the Mill, Bradford*

West Yorkshire Playhouse, Leeds

Hull Truck Theatre

Live Theatre, Newcastle*

Druid, Galway*

Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh

National Theatre of Scotland, Glasgow*

That’s just the ones I know of.  If you know of any others, please let me know (leave a comment on the blog or get in touch via my Script Angel website) and I’ll update this list.  Those marked with * have been added since the list was originally published on 30th July 2009.

I won't be covering writing for radio here but do check out a series of blogs from writer Michelle Lipton on writing for radio.  Also check out Jason Arnopp's blog on writing radio comedy.


In later posts I’ll look at screenwriting competitions, where to send your unsolicited script and how to get an agent.









02:55 GMT  |  Read comments(3)

I've written a script, what next? Part Three - Production Companies

Getting your unsolicited script made (that's any script written by a writer who is not represented by an agent), or at least read by a production company, is about the toughest way to break into the industry, but lots of people still ask me about it so here's my two-pennies-worth...

If I go back only ten years I could have written a list here of nearly a hundred film and television production companies who would accept scripts submitted by new writers (writers they didn't know, and who didn't have an agent).  I know because I made a living reading for about twenty of them.  Sadly, that is no longer the case. It costs money to employ readers to plough through tens of thousands of scripts each year.  The reality is that of those thousands of spec scripts, only a handful will be good enough for the production company to want to develop it and try to get it made.  In essence the return on the money invested in reading unsolicited scripts is too small to make it viable for most companies.

However, maybe you are that one in ten thousand whose script is pretty much perfect but you don't yet have an agent or any credits to your name.  So how do you get a production company to read your script if you don’t have an agent?  Well, there are still a handful of places accepting unsolicited submissions.  The two biggies are BBC Writersroom (for television drama) and the UK Film Council (for feature films).  These are two large organisations with the structure and funding to read huge numbers of scripts and take forward any projects they come across that really excite them.

I’ve listed below all the places I’ve found that do still accept unsolicited script submissions.  Check out their websites and follow their submission guidelines. If in doubt, contact them and ask what their policy is.

BBC Writersroom

BabyJane Productions

Bona Broadcasting

Ipso Facto Films

Phantom Pictures

Panther Pictures

Picture Palace

Red Production Company

Red Planet Pictures

RS Productions

Achilles Entertainments

Shooting People – online pitching available.  Subscription required.

UK Film Council

Do bear in mind that I'm not recommending these production companies, I'm just pulling together information that's already in the public domain.  It's up to you to do your homework.  The production companies I've listed range from the very well established like Red Productions and Red Planet to the brand new, 2-people outfits like Achilles Entertainments.

If you know of any others, please let me know (leave a comment on the blog or contact me via my Script Angel webiste) and I'll update the list.

Good luck!






03:00 GMT  |  Read comments(11)

The demise of authored television drama?

Since Tony Garnett’s article in The Guardian bemoaning the state of drama commissioning at the BBC (and Ben Stephenson’s response to it), there have been numerous articles written taking opposing sides.  Many fear that the lack of authored drama, and indeed in ITV's case a reduction in the number of hours of original drama across the board, sounds the genre's death-knell.

Hang-on, haven’t we all got rather short memories?  Rewind to 1998 and there’s uproar -  ITV gives its Wednesday 20:00 slot, traditionally the home of ‘The Bill’, to ‘Airline’ a new docu-soap designed to help ITV catch-up with the BBC’s dominant position in this genre.  Indeed, by 1999 the following docu-soaps are strewn across our television channels:

Airport (1996), Driving School (1997), Hotel (1997), Vets in Practice (1997), Airline (1998), Cop Shop (1998), The Cruise (1998), The Clampers (1998), Pleasure Beach (1998), Superstore (1998), Lakesiders (1998), The Zoo Keepers (1998), Battersea Dogs Home (1998), The Builders (1998), Paddington Green (1999), Children’s Hospital (1999), Mersey Blues (1999).

Drama has always been one of the (if not the) most expensive genres and it’s no great surprise that in tough economic times our television commissioners cut back on it.  Channel controllers remember (again) that they can schedule something much cheaper (reality tv) which delivers ratings that aren’t too far off those achieved by the average drama.  Of course, as ITV1 is discovering, cheaper, reality-based shows might not deliver the same demographic (ABC1s are deserting ITV at the moment) and it won’t win you many awards.

Ten years ago, as quickly as this obsession (audiences’ and commissioners’) with cheap, reality television came, so it went.  By 2000 BBC1 had a major injection of cash and most of these docu-soaps disappeared from our screens, to be replaced with…. yes, you’ve guessed it, drama.

So we’ve been here before and we know that before long audiences will switch off from great volumes of docu-soaps and channel controllers will start to invest in great dramas again.  And I don’t just mean more hours of the soaps and continuing drama series which deliver good ratings at a fraction of the hourly cost of a one-off or period costume serial.  No, I mean they’ll invest in bold, brave, authored dramas, just as they have always done.  The numbers of hours of such dramas may go up and down as our economy booms and busts but they’re always there.  In the last twelve months we’ve had ‘The Diary of Anne Frank’ and ‘Occupation’ (BBC1), ‘Five Minutes of Heaven’ and ‘Freefall’ (BBC2) ‘Unforgiven’ and ‘Affinity’ (ITV), ‘Red Riding’ and ‘The Devil’s Whore’ (C4), to name just some of my personal favourites.

However tough the commissioning process looks, however despondent I might be when I look at the current television schedules, I know that it’ll all come right again (if indeed it’s wrong to begin with?) and I’ll continue to have the pleasure of watching some great television dramas and, I hope, the pleasure of making some.







04:14 GMT  |  Read comments(5)

06 October

Screenwriting - Breaking In


Having set up Script Angel, my own script consultancy business, I recently decided to join The Word Cloud – a forum for experienced and aspiring writers. What struck me was how hungry for ‘insider’ knowledge the writers are. There may be information out there for aspiring writers but how do they know where to look?


Over the past ten years I’ve been lucky enough to earn my living as a professional script editor on a variety of UK television dramas. Now, taking a break from the hectic pace of script editing on dramas in production, I’ve set up my own script consultancy business. What’s struck me is how cosy it is inside the world of television professionals and how hard it is for writers on the outside to even understand how it works, let alone to break into it.


I’ve been very fortunate to work with hugely talented editorial teams and, most importantly, exceptionally talented writers. They, and I, earn our living from writing/editing drama that millions of people will watch – and it’s only now stepping outside it (albeit with my foot firmly lodged in the door to stop it closing) that I appreciate how impenetrable the whole industry must appear. The writers I work with, without exception, have earned their position as a professional writer by combining sheer creative talent with hard work and determination. But what we take for granted is the knowledge, gained after years in the industry, of what to do to turn an idea into something that will ultimately get made.


Through my blog and Script Angel I’d like to help writers find the information they need and understand how the industry works. I want to help them get their scripts into the best possible shape so that when they do decide to send it to someone in the industry (agent, production company, etc) their work is the best it can possibly be. Over the weeks I’ll blog not only on my experiences as a script editor but I’ll also try to pull together as much information as I can about what to do to become a professional screenwriter.


As well as checking out Script Angel, it's other worth checking out Michelle Lipton's Blog - a talented writer just starting to get her first commissions and helping others to understand the process as she goes through it.








11:27 GMT  |  Read comments(0)